The Ark and the Flood / The Ark of the Covenant:

(Noah's Ark, and Noah's wife, and Noah's grandson, Enoch)


The Flood did not cleans the world of _sin_ - it killed the Nephelim (and Irin) and their demonic offspring.

https://www.bible.ca/ark/noahs-ark-dimensions-size-120-years-time-to-build-75-years.htm

https://versebyverseministry.org/bible-answers/how-long-did-noah-take-to-build-the-ark

https://youtu.be/DSoh8PkDvRg

Genesis 6:9
(KJV) "These are the generations of Noah: Noah was a just man and perfect in his generations, and Noah walked with God."
Nope - the actual  Hebrew:  נֹ֗חַ צַדִּ֛יק תָּמִ֥ים בְּדֹֽרֹתָ֑יו נֹֽחַ׃ הִֽתְהַלֶּךְ הָֽאֱלֹהִ֖ים
Literally means: "Noah       just      complete/sound      period/sometimes "generation"        Noah       to come/to go        God"
So, the JKV is wrong with "Noah was perfect" - it's "Noah was just, complete/sound".  NOBODY is perfect!

NOTE: "2 of a kind” is not correct. Noah took SEVERAL of a kind of clean animals - for food, and for sacrifice.  Remember, they were in the "Ark" for well over a year. Food and water - for 8 people - for well over a year.

Genesis 8:20

the ark measurements The ark - size comparison

NOTE: Not to be confused with The Ark of the Covenant, "Noah's Ark" - as it's called ... but the actual Hebrew word is אָרוֹן ("ha-teivah"), which means "the large box" or "the chest" - as "ha" means "the". (the Ark of the Covenant is an “aron”, which means chest).  It probably did not look like a boat - with a bow. Not to mention that would be *far* more difficult to build.  ... is actually in Armenia (Middle-East, but views itself as a part of Europe):

Noah (meaning "rest") was age ~500 when he began to build The Ark; it took him between 75 and 100 years to build it.  His age was 600.
Although Genesis 5:5 states Adam lived 930 years, most Scholars agree that "Eve" lived 1200 years
The Hebrew actually reads (Gen 5:5) "the whole      day     the first man      a 9    hundred      30    a year     to die"

Then it started to decline... now age 80 is "old".  Indeed, the curse was correct: "If you partake of the knowledge of good and evil (remove your innocence), you will start to die".  We did! Our life span is MAYBE 70-90 now - but it used to be well over 1000 years!  See my "age" section.

Genesis 7:20
הַמָּ֑יִם גָּבְר֖וּ חֲמֵ֨שׁ אַמָּה֙ מִלְמַ֔עְלָה הֶהָרִֽים׃ וַיְכֻסּ֖וּ
waters       to be strong      5      an ell*/a cubit        above      mountain      to cover

KJV: 15 cubits upward did the waters prevail; and the mountains were covered. (incorrect: חֲמֵ֨שׁ means "5", not "15")
NASB: The water prevailed 15 cubits higher, and the mountains were covered. (also incorrect.)
NOTE 1: The Greek translation on-line -  which states "15" is a translation that is REVERSE ENGINEERED from the English translation.  Go to the ORIGINAL Hebrew - not translations - of translations!

* NOTE 2: "Ell"
An ell (from Proto-Germanic * alinō, cognate with Latin ulna) is a European unit of measurement, originally understood as "a cubit" (the combined length of the forearm and extended hand). The word literally means "arm", and survives in the form of the modern English word "elbow" (arm-bend).

AFTER the flood, another mis-translation:
The Hebrew word  בְּשִׁבְעָה־  means ‪"‬at seven‪"‬, not "seventeenth".

Ark rested in Armenia


https://www.icr.org/article/resource-for-answering-critics-noahs-ark/
The book, Noah's Ark: A Feasibility Study, will answer many questions which both scientists and laymen have about the function of Noah's Ark. It shows that the Scriptural teachings on the global Flood and the Ark are completely reasonable. The believer can hold full confidence in the integrity of the word of God.
Mr. Woodmorappe holds M.S. degrees in biology and geology and maintains active research in these fields.

Also, Genesis 7:3 clearly states that the PURE animals were "by sevens":  shiv'ah (7).  And the original Hebrew does NOT state "a male and his female", but rather "man    woman".  Note: "ish" means "man", not male.  ve'ish-tov" means woman/wife".

I do also realize that confirmation bias and eisegesis makes the antagonists want it DISPROVEN, and confirmation bias (and The Illusory Truth Effect) also makes the supporters of the Ark - want it to be proven true.

Genesis, chapter 5, gives the genealogy from Adam to Noah, and in verse 32 we read that Noah was five hundred years old and begat Shem, Ham, and Japheth.

We read in Genesis 11:10: “This is the genealogy of Shem: Shem was 100 years old, and begot Arphaxad 2 years after the flood.” This leads to the conclusion that Shem was 98 years old when the flood ended, and 97 when the flood began.  In Genesis 7:11, we are told that the flood began in year 600 of Noah’s life, meaning that he must have fathered Shem when he was 503.  We understand from Genesis 6:18 that God did not instruct Noah to build the ark after his sons were born, and after they had wives of their own.  Let's make an assumption (which we have to do as Scripture does not give exact dates) that Noah fathered his 3 sons in 3 consecutive years which would mean that his last son would be born when he was 505 years old.

We have to make further assumptions as to the age when his sons married.  Let's say that Noah’s 3 sons were around 20 years old when they married; this would mean that Noah would be around 525 when God instructed him to build the ark.  Noah was 600 when the flood came and this would mean that the building of the ark could not have taken much more than 75 years - not the 120 years that some have assumed.   In fact, this figure could be less if the assumptions made about the birth of the 3 sons was not as quick as calculated and the age that they married was greater than the assumed age of 20.


God must have first spoken to Noah at age 480
-- Noah sired sons from the age of 500
-- His 3 sons were married
-- God gave the commission to Noah to build the ark for “you, your sons, your wife, and your sons’ wives with you.”
-- Noah was 600 when he entered the ark
-- The 120 years of God’s patience with mankind at that time ended when Noah entered the ark at age 600
-- The maximum time that it took to build the ark would be 100 years

Note: 30 cubits ( m) high, 3 levels ... with the thick wood to hold up the animals, that's 12m (40 ft) - divided by 3 + wood support


Noah's family
Both the Tanakh and the Brit Chadasha state that 8 souls were saved, which specifically listed Noach's wife and 3 daughter-in-laws as 4 of the eight souls saved. Clearly, those women were _not_ forgotten or left out of Scripture.




Animals in the Ark
How many animals did the Ark save from the flood? There are several different estimates for the number kept from the floodwaters. The book "The Genesis Flood" estimated that approximately 35,000 creatures were on board the ship. In another book, "Noah's Ark - A Feasibility Study" by John Woodmorappe, it states that only about 2,000 animals would need saving.

Could a ship like the Ark be built, more than 4,000 years ago, that could accommodate (for the sake of argument) a conservative number of 40,000 animals?

Many biologists state that the average size of most vertebrates is the size of a sheep. The living space each sheep needs is 11.12 cubic feet (.31 cubic meters). When we multiply 40,000 by 11.12 cubic feet we arrive at 445,000 cubic feet total (12,601 cubic meters). Given that the total volume of the ship God commanded to be built was conservatively 1.5 million cubic feet (42,475 cubic meters), the Ark would be less than 30% full with lots of room to spare for the animals!




The Ark
How Noah REALLY Built The Ark: The Engineering Mystery REVEALED
https://youtu.be/S9O-YDceNro

Genesis 6:14
Make thee an ark of gopher wood; rooms shalt thou make in the ark, and shalt pitch it within and without with pitch.
Genesis 6:15
And this is the fashion which thou shalt make it of: The length of the ark shall be three hundred cubits, the breadth of it fifty cubits, and the height of it thirty cubits.



"Gopher" is close to the ancient "Kopher"- meaning “squared wood” - or "processed" (cut to square).
Most PhDs have deduced it as processed cypress wood.  Cypress has oils inside, and therefore resistant to rot.
a kind of tree or wood (as used for building), apparently the cypress

Genesis 6:14
The word for "pitch" is   כָּפַר    pronounced "kaw-far" - to cover (specifically with bitumen: tar/oil) and the ancient word that is close - means "The word means “squared wood” - processed (cut to square).
Most PhDs have deduced it as processed cypress wood.  Cypress has oils inside, and therefore resistant to rot.

Nowadays, we think of pitch derived from oil or coal, but European shipbuilders sealed vessels for many centuries by using pine-tree resin. Resin was obtained via a herringbone pattern of cuts gouged into a tree trunk and collected in a pot. The trees were then chopped down, covered in soil or ash, and burned slowly to produce a lightweight black pure form of carbon called charcoal. The last step was to add the powdered charcoal to the boiling pine resins. Pitch produced by such methods was used to waterproof large ocean-going wooden ships.


Genesis 7:6
Genesis 7:11
Noah was 600 years old when the flood came.  600 years, 2 months, 7 days - all entered the ark.
All translations incorrectly state "17", but it's "7": Sheva.

Genesis 7:10
7 days the water come

Genesis 7:12
40 days and 40 nights

Genesis 7:15
THEN the animals went 2 by 2.  AFTER the waters came???

Genesis 7:16
GOD closed the huge door behind them.  It would have had to be pretty high.

Genesis 7:17
THEN the flood came - for 40 days (not "Nights"??)

Genesis 7:18
The box floated - nope -    וַתֵּ֥לֶךְ   means "to go/come/walk"

Genesis 7:19
All the high mountains everywhere - were covered.

Genesis 7:20
"The waters    to be  strong/mighty    5    a cubit    above   mountains    to cover"
The translations incorrectly state "15", but  חֲמֵ֨שׁ  ("cha·mesh")    means "5".

Genesis 7:21
"All mankind" is actually "all the men":   הָאָדָֽם׃   ("ha·'a·dam")

Genesis 7:24
The water was strong and mighty - 150 days
וּמְאַ֖ת חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים יֹֽום 
(u·me·'at)    : hundred      (cha·mi·shim) fifty     (yo·vm.) day

Genesis 8:1
God made a wind/breath - to dry up the water.

Genesis 8:2  (BIG key here!)
מַעְיְנֹ֣ת תְּהֹ֔ום וַֽאֲרֻבֹּ֖ת הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וַיִּסָּֽכְרוּ֙ הַגֶּ֖שֶׁם הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ וַיִּכָּלֵ֥א
"springs   deep/abyss    chimney/window   shut      rain   the heaven/sky    withhold"

Genesis 8:3
At the end of 150 days, the water receeded.

Genesis 8:4
7     new moon/month    7   day   the box/chest    to rest    mountain    ararat
So, add 7 months, 7 days

Genesis 8:5
water  decreased until   month 10, day 1 - the mountain tops became visible.
Literally:  10   new moon/month    10   1   new moon/month     head    mountain    to see"

Genesis 8:6
end    40   day   to open   a window  (did they have class then??)

Genesis 8:7
sent out a raven (not a dove!) - no time given for bird flying around - did it come back??

Genesis 8:8
sent out a dove, it came back - no time given for bird flying around

Genesis 8:10
He waited another 7 days and sent the dove out again

Genesis 8:11
The dove came back - with an olive branch.  By the way, how long would it take an olive tree to grow - in a high mountain?

Genesis 8:12
Waited another 7 days, and the dove did not return - but the original Hebrew states "to turn back", NOT "not to turn back".  Also ,"to him again' is actually "to add".

Genesis 8:13
601 year, 1 month - it was dried up.  So, it took 1 year, 1 month on the ark.

Genesis 8:14
2 months   20 days, the earth was dry.

Genesis 8:16
God told Noah to exit

Genesis 8:17
brings all the animals out.  Again, on a high mountain - creepy things, tropical animals ...  and go multiply (to the animals)

Genesis 8:20
Noah killed all clean animals and birds - for a sacrifice

Genesis 8:21
I will never again destroy every living thing

Genesis 8:22
planting/harvest, seasons, day and night - shall continue

Genesis 9:1
and go multiply (to the humans)

Genesis 9:2
fear and terror will be on every living thing and human.  It ends with    "hand    to give"

Genesis 9:3
Every alive thing is your food, and every green herb/herbage

Genesis 9:4
The Hebrew states: "surely    to eat    flesh    a living being/soul    blood"
Translated: "Only you shall not eat flesh with it's life, that is it's blood."

Genesis 9:5
Translated: "And for your lifeblood I will require a reckoning: from every beast I will require it and from man. From his fellow man I will require a reckoning for the life of man."
WHAT does THAT mean???
The original Hebrew means "surely    seek    blood     all     seek    the man    man     a brother    seek    living being/soul      the man"

Genesis 9:6
Translated: "Whoever sheds the blood of man, by man shall his blood be shed, for God made man in his own image."
The original Hebrew means "to pour    the man    blood     mankind     blood    to pour     an image    God    make     the man"

Genesis 9:7
go multiply

The next 5 are redundant of these last 4.


Genesis 9:13
the "rainbow" - which is קַשְׁתִּ֕י   ("kash·ti") -  meaning "archer/arrow/bowman" - NOT a rainbow.  "a cloud mass" is indeed there.

Genesis 9:14
when I bring a cloud over the earth, the bow will be seen

Genesis 9:15
redundant of "I will never again destroy..."

Genesis 9:16
redundant of "when you see a bow..."

Genesis 9:17
redundant

Genesis 9:20
Then Noah began farming

Genesis 9:21
He got drunk and naked in his tent

Genesis 9:22
Ham saw him and told his brothers

Noah cursed his youngest son for covering him up, and made him a servant for his brothers.  Such LOVE!
One would THINK that the other brothers would refuse his slavery.


Genesis 9:28
NOAH LIVED 350 years after the flood.
The math looks like 600 + 101 + 150 = 851



The book "The Genesis Flood", is possibly the most respected book on the flood, written by Whitcomb and Morris.


Joke:
Why did it take 100 years  to build the Ark?
Noah kept having to      gopher    wood.





Methusula, the oldest living man and Noahs grandfather, lived 969 years. His name means, "his death shall bring". It was foretold Methusula's death was going to bring judgement. The flood came 7 days after Methusula died. 7 days of mourning. There were also heavy ballast stones found at the site of the ark. Ballast stones weighing hundreds of pounds each provided superior stability in the water even during rough seas.





The Flood - to ponder


How many people survived the Great Flood according to the Bible?
Noah, his wife, their 3 sons (Shem, Ham, and Japheth), and their wives. The total was 8 - well, assuming each had only 1 wife.  That would not be PC or historically accurate, but let's "go with it"...  Also, how did their children have children?  And then those grandchildren have children??.

Only 8 people survived the global Flood
1 Peter 3:20  (correctly pronounced “One Peter”)
"Which sometime were disobedient, when once the longsuffering of God waited in the days of Noah, while the ark was a preparing, wherein few, that is, 8 souls were saved by water."
Saved BY water???   Helloooooo???
I think they meant “saved FROM water”.   next, the actually original Greek is:
ὀκτὼ ψυχαί διεσώθησαν δι’ ὕδατος
Pronounced:  "ok-TO     psoo-khay     dee-ah-SO-zo     dee-ah    HOO-dor"
Literally: “8         breath/the soul        to save/to preserve/to bring safely through        water”
So, the preposition ISN’T EVEN THERE!!

Genesis 9:11
The flood - never again
(KJV) "And I will establish my covenant with you; neither shall all flesh be cut off any more by the waters of a flood; neither shall there any more be a flood to destroy the earth."
Original hebrew:  וְלֹֽא־ עֹ֖וד יִכָּרֵ֧ת מִמֵּ֣י הַמַּבּ֑וּל וְלֹֽא־ עֹ֛וד מַבּ֖וּל לְשַׁחֵ֥ת הָאָֽרֶץ׃
Means: "not     a going around/continuance/again/beside     to cut off or down     waters     the deluge [an overflowing of the land by water/a very large amount of rain or water/to cover something with a lot of water]     not     a going around/continuance/again/beside     a deluge     to decay/ruin/perish/spill     the earth/land"


If the growth rate in the pre-Flood world was equal to the growth rate in 2000 (0.012), there could have been about 750 million people at the time of the Flood. However, given the extremely long lifespans prior to the Flood, the growth rate could have been much higher. Increasing the rate by just 0.001 would put the population at close to four billion at the Flood.


The Bible (Genesis 6–9) describes a worldwide flood (the Noachian Flood) covering even the highest mountains of the earth and the construction  of a huge boat (a rectangular box-like craft) that transported animals, at least 2 of a kind of all land animals on the earth. The Qur'an (Suras 11 and 71) has almost a duplicate story with a similar huge boat that transported animals and a worldwide flood. In addition two older stories exist in ancient Babylonian epics that describe a huge flood. One is the Epic of Gilgamesh, describing a flood on the Euphrates River. The other is the Epic of Atrahasis, which has a huge flood on the Tigris River.

Rocks on all continents are layers of evaporite rock salt (sodium chloride), gypsum (hydrated calcium sulfate), anhydrite (calcium sulfate), and various potash and magnesium salts, which are associated with red beds (shales) containing fossilized mud cracks.

Many of these mineral compounds and red beds have combined thicknesses on different continents of more than 1 kilometer (~3,281 feet) (Collins 2006). The red beds are red because they contain red hematite (iron oxide) which formed from magnetite grains that were oxidized while the muds were exposed to oxygen in open air. The mud cracks can form only under drying conditions that cause the mud to shrink and form polygonal cracks. The evaporite mineral compounds in the layers are deposited in the correct chemical order predicted by the solubility of each kind of ion in these compounds and whose increasing concentrations during the evaporation of water would cause them to precipitate in a predictable depositional sequence as the water volume decreased. Such evaporite deposits would be expected to occur where a marine sea was once present and to disappear when the sea became completely dry. Therefore, one could expect these evaporites to be at the top of the supposed Noachian Flood deposits when the water supposedly receded and the land dried out, but certainly not in different levels in between older and younger fossiliferous "Flood deposits".

We read in the Bible that there is only one time in which the Flood waters are said to recede and leave the earth dry. That is, no multiple worldwide climatic conditions are described in which flooding, then drying to a dry earth, more flooding, more drying to a dry earth, in repeated cycles that occur over and over again in that Flood year. On that basis, it is logical that all the kinds of evaporite deposits and red beds in many different levels in the supposed Noachian Flood deposits could form only in local climates with desert drying-conditions and could not possibly have formed all at the same time — a time when a flood covered the whole earth for more than one year (Collins 2006). On that basis, the Noachian Flood story cannot describe a whole-earth flood, but it could only represent a large regional flood.

Regional Evidence for the Noachian and Similar Floods
Two rivers, the Euphrates and Tigris flow through Mesopotamia, which is now the country of Iraq. There are several layers in exposed rocks near these two rivers in southeastern Mesopotamia (Iraq) that are likely flood deposits. Most are about a foot (0.3 m) thick, but one is as much as 3 meters thick (MacDonald 1988). Flood debris from this same thick deposit along the Euphrates River near the ancient Sumerian city of Shuruppak about 200 km southeast of Baghdad has been dated by the C14 method, giving an age of 2900 BCE (Best nd). Flood deposits 2.4 meters feet thick are also reported by MacDonald (1988) as far northeast as the ancient Babylonian city of Kish (120 km south of Baghdad). At any rate, the many flood-deposit layers show that flooding in southeastern Mesopotamia was not unusual in ancient times.


Similar large local floods are common throughout history around the world. For example, monsoon storms in Bangladesh frequently produce much rain over the country and in the Himalaya Mountains, which rise in the northern part of the country (Anonymous nd-b). Runoff of water from the rain and melting snow during such storms create great floods in four rivers that converge to the Wang River, which then drains into a huge delta in the Bay of Bengal (Anonymous nd-b). Thousands of people have been drowned in this delta region by many such floods during the last century. Almost every culture through history has a flood story to tell, as would the people in Bangladesh, but in each of these times and places, the floods would have been local and not worldwide.

Many creationists have pointed out that the Bible indicates that God promised not to cause another huge flood to occur and, therefore, there cannot be any floods that are similar to the Noachian Flood (Genesis 9:13–15). Therefore, the geological record should show at least one unique flood event that is different from all the large regional floods for which there is geological evidence.

Natural levees along the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers rise up to 4 to 5 meters above the river channels, and the surface of these levees slope gently away from the rivers for 5 to 8 km toward lower, adjacent, nearly-flat flood plains that are up to 105 km wide (Tactical Pilotage Chart TPC G-4C, H-6A, and H-6B). The people living in Mesopotamia in biblical times would have had their villages on the natural levees because the flood plains would have been swampy.



What Happened During the Flood?
The watershed for the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers on which the flood could have occurred extends for more than 1600 km from the Persian Gulf through Mesopotamia into Syria and Turkey and laterally for about 1000 km from eastern Saudi Arabia to southwestern Iran — an area of more than 1.6 million square kilometers. On that basis, if abundant rain fell, not only in the mountains of Syria and Turkey, but also in Saudi Arabia and Iran, the tributary streams from these countries would all contribute their volumes of water to the flood plains of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers


Downstream water depths could reach 32 m or more above the tops of the levees.

This increase in depth would be intensified where the two flood plains with a width of 275 km in the northern section would be squeezed into a 220-km width in the lower part of the drainage system where the two rivers join. The joining of the two rivers would also increase the volume of the water in the flood plains, thereby increasing the depth. At any rate, all higher land on the natural levees where the people in the villages were present would be completely submerged. Thus, it would be possible for a flood to have occurred in mid- Mesopotamia, perhaps about 2900 BCE, as evidenced by the scientifically dated flood deposits.


Effects of the Curvature of the Earth
Because of the curvature of the earth, the horizon drops from where the viewer is standing. However, the drop is proportional to the square of the distance between the viewer and an object on the horizon (Young nd). From these relationships, it can be seen that a tribal chief (or Noah) standing on the deck of a large boat (Ark), perhaps 7.8 meters above the water,would not be able to see the tops of any hills as high as 15 m from as little as 24 km away across flood plains covered with water because the curvature of the earth prevents it (See the Appendix for examples of calculations). Most hills in this region that are as much as 15 m high are more than 95 km away from the river levees. Therefore, the survivors of the Flood could see only water in all directions while they were floating down the Tigris River and over the flood plains. Many of these hills would also be partly covered with water which would make their tops project less above the water level, and therefore, the curvature of the earth would make them disappear from the line of sight in even a shorter distance than 24 km.

Northeast and southwest of the nearly flat surface that contains the two rivers, the topography rises to more than 455 m in Saudi Arabia and in Iran. Calculations show that elevations of 455 m high cannot be seen beyond 86 km away, and these places are more than 160 km from the Euphrates or Tigris Rivers. Therefore, none of the high country in Saudi Arabia or Iran would be visible to a tribal chief (or Noah). On that basis, the "whole world" would definitely appear to be covered with water during the Flood, and that was the "whole world" for the people in this part of southeastern Mesopotamia at that time.

Conclusions
If the 3.4-meter–thick layer of flood deposits in southeastern Mesopotamia (MacDonald 1988) represents a huge flood of ancient times, and if it is the remnants of the one described in the early Babylonian epics, then the authors of these epics were likely survivors who lived in a village on natural levees on the lower parts of either the Euphrates or Tigris Rivers where the flood waters covered their village, natural levees, and adjacent flood plains for distances of 160 to 320 kilometers so that no land could be seen, and their "whole world" would have been under water.

By Lorence G Collins



Acknowledgments
I wish to thank Kevin Collins, Fred Tonsing, Eugene Fritsche, Warren Hunt, Jarvis Streeter, Steve Peralta, and Barbara Collins for helpful comments that greatly improved the manuscript.

Note
In the printed version, "Gilgamesh" erroneously appears in the second paragraph; it is replaced by the correct "Utnapishtim" here.




Image

Noah


Noah:
וְנֹ֕חַ
Pronounced "ve·no·ach”
It means "to rest". 

The name of Noah's (his actual name was "Noach") wife was "Na'amah", who is mentioned in Genesis 4:22 as the sister of Tubal-Cain. (see more names below)   Noah's wife never gets a mention with most people!  How rude and sexist!
Many cite "Noah" as the #2 incest occourance; #1 being Adam and Eve (Adamas and Chava).  The rhetorical question stands for both cases: How did their children have children?  Some have cited "UFOs" or "aliens brought by God" (CLEARLY meaning they believe in extraterrestrial life!), but I think it's like the Amish People, and all African tribes through the ages - they reproduce [still!] within their own tribes. No weaknesses observed.  Do *you* see weaknesses?  (If you say "yes", you are "racist" - see how it works?)




Image

The Ark of the Covenant


The Ark of the Covenant: How It Was Built and Its Actual Usage?
https://youtu.be/yIzcly5GOnc





The Curse of Ham

Gen. 9:25-26
וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אָר֣וּר כְּנָ֑עַן עֶ֥בֶד עֲבָדִ֖ים לְאֶחָֽיו׃
25)
Noah       to say      to curse     ke-na'an (a son of Ham)       slave/servant      a servant of servants       a brother

26) 
וַיֹּ֕אמֶר בָּר֥וּךְ יְהֹוָ֖ה אֱלֹ֣הֵי שֵׁ֑ם כְנַ֖עַן עֶ֥בֶד
Noah     to say     Yahweh      God       shem (oldest son of Noah)      che-na'an (a son of Ham)       slave/servant

Who Was Ham and Why Was He Cursed?
Ham’s brothers were Shem and Japheth, and they along with their father, Noah, were among the few who survived the Great Flood.  After the waters receded, life went on. The Bible tells us Noah planted a vineyard, drank some of the wine, and became drunk — then “lay uncovered inside his tent,” which is when the trouble began:
“Ham, the father of Canaan, saw his father naked and told his two brothers outside” Unlike Ham, these brothers, Shem and Japheth, covered Noah’s nakedness and avoided looking at his naked body.

When Noah awoke and found out what happened, he blessed Shem and Japheth. Then he issued a curse — not on Ham specifically, but on Ham’s son Canaan. Beyond this, the Bible tells us nothing about Ham other than that he is also the father of Cush, Mizraim, and Phut in addition to Canaan, and in a few other passages it mentions Egypt as “the land of Ham". We don’t know the specifics as to why Noah cursed Canaan, not Ham.  for Ham to have seen his father’s nakedness was considered deeply disrespectful, especially given that he did nothing to remedy this, indeed even telling his brothers. Some infer Ham poked fun at his father, as well. His brothers, who the Bible tells us attempted to avoid seeing their father’s nakedness and covering him with a garment (Genesis 9:23), received a blessing, but Noah cursed not Ham but Ham’s youngest son, Canaan.  Other scholars think perhaps Canaan was involved in the disrespect, also seeing Noah naked, or perhaps that Canaan was particularly special to Ham, so Noah cursed the person whom Ham held dear.

Others further speculate that “seeing him naked” meant something far worse, innuendo perhaps for an evil act Ham or Canaan or both might have done to Noah, such as castrating him or committing sodomy. Still others think that, as “uncovering nakedness” refers to sexual sin elsewhere in the Bible, Ham committed a sexual sin with his father’s wife, possibly fathering Canaan from it.

Regardless, Ham behaved disrespectfully toward his father Noah, and because of this, Noah cursed him by cursing Ham’s beloved descendent, Canaan.


Are Black or African People Descended from Ham?
No.  The notion that Black/African people are descended from Ham is untrue. The Bible tells us absolutely nothing about Black/African people being descended from Ham. Noah’s curse upon Ham’s son, of servitude, does not mention race.  Later revelations about Egypt being “the land of Ham” also imply nothing about race or slavery. Indeed, we know the Israelites, descendants of Ham’s brother Shem, later became slaves of the Egyptians (Exodus 1).

In the 1600 and 1700s, a misreading of the language led to a belief that the name Ham referred to “dark” or “black,” and advocates of the enslavement of Black people of that day used this incorrect meaning to justify their stance. But scholars have since negated this entirely.

All the people of the world descended from Noah and his children (after Adam and Eve).  Abraham was part of Shem’s family line. Japeth fathered several sons, and one line became the “maritime” or seafaring peoples.  Ham’s lineage eventually became the Ludites, the Hittites and Jebusites, the Amorites and Canaanites. The Canaanites are the same people God wanted Joshua to destroy because of their evil, wicked, idolatrous ways.

None of this has anything to do with race.  Just as Cain had a mark** on him (Genesis 4:15), so the Hebrew meaning of Ham’s name was “dark or black” - hence the mark on the cursed dark-skinned peoples of Africa.  It's all folklore.

**  The Hebrew word is  אוֹת (pronounced "owth" - like"taking an oath") - meaning "sign, token, - even "miracle".


Mellina is in layor #3 (not 1, or even 2!) - and it is actually made by mellina glands - in layer FIVE!   Every human's skin pigment is the same in layer 1 (the top layer).  Albinos have little or no mellina, and caucasians have about 20%, Latins about 35%, and Africans have 65 to 90%.  But all mellina in the hair - stops being produced with age.  That's why everyone around the world- gets grey hair eventually.  That's the natural colour of hair -  like trees when they "turn" in the Fall.  We see the "green" - which is chlorophyll.  It's not the tree's actual colour.     :-)

Read more about skin pigment (mellina) here.